In a search for sustainable energy solutions, many homeowners have begun looking into residential solar panel installation. The popularity of home solar energy is due to an increasing number of people embracing a greener lifestyle with a strong desire for carbon footprint reduction.
Gradually reducing dependence on fossil fuels will help decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
With solar energy systems becoming popular, it is more affordable to generate solar electricity for homes. As the costs of installation and solar system setup at home have lowered over time, it is becoming economically viable for homeowners to consider eco-friendly power solutions.
Understanding the technology of solar panels
Residential solar energy is generated through the absorption of sunlight by Photovoltaic PV panels, producing Direct Current (DC) energy. With the help of inverter technology, DC is converted to usable Alternating Current (AC) energy, to power the house. The output of electricity depends on the amount of sunlight received and the photons the solar panels managed to absorb to create electric shocks.
Types of solar panels
The three most common solar panel types used in residential solar power setups are monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film solar cells.
Choosing from Monocrystalline, Polycrystalline, or Thin-Film solar cells
As monocrystalline solar panels are made from single-crystal silicon, they are very pure. Thus, they are known for their efficiency or higher solar power generation.
Monocrystalline panels are also space-saving, which makes them ideal for roofs with limited surfaces. These are suitable for households with a higher energy demand because of their top-notch performance, even in low-light conditions.
Polycrystalline solar panels are recognizable from their speckled appearance, as they are composed of multiple silicon crystals. These panels are a popular choice for homeowners seeking a balance in efficiency versus cost.
Thin-film solar cells are the most flexible solar panels for residential use. Lightweight but known as the least efficient in solar energy among all three panels, an advantage of thin film is its flexibility, allowing for unconventional installation areas like curved surfaces. To produce thin-film solar panels, first, a substrate like glass, metal, or plastic is prepared. Then thin layers of photovoltaic material are deposited onto it in a layering process. Finally, a protective layer encapsulates the panel to protect it from environmental elements.
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Home solar panels – installation process
The installation of home solar panels involves multiple steps, beginning with a site evaluation to finally powering up the house. Once a property is assessed, a system design can be drafted. Before the actual installation, local government permits may have to be obtained before work can commence.
Step-by-step guide to home solar panel installation
The installation of home solar panels is a long-term investment requiring in-depth research and understanding. Equally important is the selection of suitable equipment and engaging a certified installer.
- Assess the solar potential
Evaluating the solar potential of the house is a crucial step in solar panel installation. This involves analyzing factors such as geographical location, roof orientation, and shading from nearby structures or trees to determine the optimal placement and efficiency of solar panels.
Understanding your site’s solar potential ensures that your solar installation maximizes energy production and cost savings.
- Audit energy consumption
Calculate the household’s energy consumption to determine the type, size, wattage, and number of solar panels required. Before making a final decision, an energy consumption audit for home solar energy would have been conducted. The key considerations are:
i. Current energy usage
ii. Characteristics of the house
iii. Home appliance efficiency
iv. Insulation quality of the house
v. Electricity usage habits
vi. Alternative energy source
Read: How many solar panels does it take to power your home?
- Choose solar panels
Choosing solar panels for your home to reach your energy goals depends on various factors. Key considerations include:
- Roof size
- Types of panels needed
- Wattage per panel, with average efficiency of 250 and 400 watts
- Sunlight hours
- Energy requirement of the house
- Budget
- Engage a solar installer
To ensure a smooth process and adherence to proper procedures, engage only certified local solar installers in your area.
- Assessment and solar design
The installer will visit and assess the site before designing a solar system according to the house, combined with the homeowner’s requirements.
- Application of permit(s)
Professional installers usually handle the application for a local government permit, to adhere to solar regulations.
- Installation process
This is the most labor-intensive part of the entire project. Although there are people who DIY solar panel installation, this process can be complex and require a certain level of know-how.
The installation of rooftop solar panels requires several steps, which are:
i. Mounting of the racking system on the roof
The solar panel mount or racking system is made of high-grade aluminium or stainless steel to support solar panels on the roof. The grade and strength of the racking system need to take into consideration the weight of solar panels as well as environmental conditions like wind and snow.
The frame is fastened to the existing beams and rafters of the roof. Take advantage of optimal sunlight exposure through the tilting angle and orientation of the rack.
ii. Connecting PV panels within the rack
The PV panels are then placed on the racks and securely fastened to it via drill and bolt. A silicone-based sealant is applied to the drill holes to ensure there won’t be water leakage.
iii. Connect the components through the wiring
This is the trickiest part of the setup process. The DC cables are routed along the rack frame in an organized manner by using clips or ties, while keeping away from sharp edges or corners to avoid potential damage to the wiring over time.
There are two ways to connect the panels: series or parallel. If in series, connect the positive terminal of one panel to the negative terminal of its neighboring panel.
Parallel connection requires linking the positive terminal of one panel to the positive of the next.
Always double-check that the connections are in the correct sequence and are tightly fastened.
iv. Connect the system to a solar inverter and battery
The solar panel DC cables are then connected to the solar inverter input terminals. The output terminals of the solar inverter, connect to the battery using DC cables. Ensure the cables are tightly secured, with proper grounding.
v. Connect the solar inverter to the main electricity grid
Some inverters have built-in grid connections while others require a grid-tie converter or other additional equipment. In any case, only use grid-tie inverters that meet safety standards.
Locate the connection point to the main electricity grid. Connect the AC output solar inverter terminals to the grid connection point. Double-check all connections are correctly connected and secure. Ensure the system complies with local government regulations. It may require the inspection of the local government or professionals to ensure compliance.
- Inspection and connection
After installing the solar system, a local building inspector makes a check. This is followed by the utility company, which then connects the system to the grid if everything is in order.
- Activating the system
Solar power is generated after verification and approval, and the system is activated.
Also read: Solar panels for apartments: Can you install one and how to do it?
Cost and financing
Homeowners should be aware of solar panel installation cost implications and financing options. Costs encompass expenses for the solar panels, labor charges, permits, and perhaps additional components like batteries and inverters.
The upfront costs of solar installation sometimes surprise some homeowners. However, it is good to know that financing is available to make green living accessible to more homes.
Purchasing a solar system often results in reducing energy bills over the long term, making it a more cost-efficient option. One may even qualify for federal solar tax credits.
Additionally, solar loans and incentives available in various countries offer flexibility to homeowners to enjoy energy savings while they pay off the system over a specific period.
Another way to finance a home solar system is through signing the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). In this case, a third-party company owns the solar system. They charge the homeowner for the electricity that is generated. Although PPAs offer a zero-cost entry into solar living, long-term benefits are reduced compared to outright ownership through a cash payment or from a solar loan.
Different from conventional PPAs is the Zero Capital Expenditure (Zero CapEx) model, where customers will own the system upon completion of the payment terms.
Understanding the available solar financing options empowers homeowners to make informed decisions based on their objectives and financial situations.
Solar rebates and incentives
With governments worldwide pushing for the adoption of renewable energy, it is no wonder that solar power will dominate the global energy market in the times to come. Solar photovoltaics are the fastest-growing electricity source. Approximately 139 GW of global capacity was added in 2020, bringing the total to about 760 GW, or almost 3 percent of the world’s electricity.
The governments of many countries offer solar incentives or tax rebates to encourage homeowners to install solar systems that generate electricity in their houses.
In the United States of America, those who purchase the solar photovoltaic (PV) system during the tax year enjoy the Federal Solar Tax credit, claimable on the homeowner’s federal income.
In 2012, a 26% tax credit was made available for installations from 2020 until 2022. Solar panel installations made from 2022 until 2032 tax years come with a 30% tax credit. Solar panel installation in the country can cost around US$16,000.
Rooftop solar installation in India is huge. A key financial incentive is the Solar Rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) Subsidy Scheme. Through this scheme, residential houses and institutions like schools and hospitals enjoy a subsidy of 40%.
Through Japan’s Feed-in Tariff (FIT) system, producers of renewable energy can sell excess electricity to power generators to be distributed for general transmission, at a fixed rate over a fixed period.
China has yet to offer a financial incentive system for residential solar energy generators even though 80% of all solar panels and source materials are manufactured in the country. In the first four months of 2023, China had already installed 48.31 gigawatts (GW) of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity. This number can only increase.
Meanwhile, Australia is leading in solar power uptake because of its Solar Homes and Communities Plan, which previously provided up to A$8000 to homeowners for installing solar panels. This plan was subsequently replaced by the Solar Credits Program in 2009, giving Renewable Energy Certificates instead.
Solar panel maintenance and care
Solar installation is a long-term investment. It is important to maintain the solar panels to prolong their lifespan while ensuring optimal performance and long-term solar power efficiency.
Tips on solar system maintenance, cleaning, and regular care
Although solar panels are durable and require minimal maintenance over their lifespan of 20 to 30 years, they still need regular cleaning to ensure maximum solar energy generation.
Climatic conditions and the environment play a crucial part in the inspection schedule of homeowners. If maintenance is required, professional assistance may be necessary.
For more information, read our article on solar panel maintenance.
Environmental impact
Solar panels generate power without emitting greenhouse gasses. Therefore, solar energy significantly reduces environmental hazards associated with fossil fuel energy production. Due to solar energy’s minimal environmental impact, it is a model fighter against climate change.
Read more on the advantages of solar panels.
Conclusion
Solar energy is the future of home solar power. Homeowners are encouraged to embrace a sustainable home energy solution to leave a greener world for the generations to come. With the different government solar incentives and financing options, it is wise for homeowners to hop on board, sooner rather than later. Installing solar panels comes with long-term benefits, making it a worthy investment.
Contact Just Solar to explore your options, discuss solar panel types for your house, or even design a solar panel system that suits your needs.
